The Campanian (Upper Cretaceous period) phosphate rock deposits in Israel are part of the Mediterranean phosphate belt extending from Turkey, through Jordan and Israel, and westward through Egypt, Tunisia and Morocco. Mining in the Negev utilizes conventional open pit or quarrying methods, using drilling and blasting where necessary, hydraulic excavators and rigid freight trucks or bulldozers with rippers for overburden removal and front-end loaders and trucks for mining phosphate. ICL is careful to minimize the impact of its mining activities through responsible planning that allows for continuous reclamation of depleted mine blocks alongside ongoing mining operations.

Phosphate rock from the Rotem mine is transported by truck to Mishor Rotem where ICL Rotem operates plants to process sulphuric acid, green phosphoric acid , white phosphoric acid,  superphosphate, granular fertilizer and MKP as well as an oil shale combustion plant to produce electricity and steam. ICL also operates beneficiation plants at both the Oron and Zin mines which produce high‑grade, multi‑purpose phosphate products, most of which is used to produce phosphoric acid and fertilizers. The remainder of the raw material is sold to other phosphoric acid and fertilizer producers and some is sold for direct application as fertilizer.